TIME

RUSSIA (see also List of Individuals)

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23.7.1838 Zlatoustovsky Zavod/RU - 5.11.1920 Petrograd/RU

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Ivan Avgustovich Time graduated in 1858 from the Saint Petersburg Institute of the Corps of Mining Engineers. From 1859 to 1866 he worked in plants in the Ural and from 1866 to 1870 in the Donbas or Donetsk Region of today's Ukraine. He was then until 1915 at various times professor at his Alma Mater; in parallel, he was from 1873 to 1917 a Member of the Committee of Mining Scientists and a consultant to the Saint Petersburg Mint.

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Time was a notable Russian scientist and mining engineer. He developed the theory and rules for the design and the construction of steam hammers, iron rolling machines, hydraulic turbines and other mining and metallurgical machinery, and he provided the primary guidelines for the operation of such machinery. Time's works on Steam engines, A course in hydraulics and The foundations of machine building were of importance to the development of machine design. His books on mining engineering were a key reference for the Russian mining engineers. He was a Russian pioneer of mechanical engineering who added with his reviews and state-ofthe-art reports to advances of his country in this field of technology.

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_{Melua, A.I. (1996). Engineers of Saint Petersburg: 553-554. Saint Petersburg (in Russian). Novikov, V.V. (1980). I.A. Time. Great Soviet Encyclopedia 25: 654. MacMillan: New York. Seredina, E. (2007). Ivan Avgustovich Time. Personal communication. East Ukrainian University named after Volodymyr Dal: Lugansk. P}

_{Shukhardin, S.V. (1951). Ivan Avgustovich Time. Moscow, Leningrad.}

_{Time, I.A. (1873). Contemporary status of turbines. Gornyi Zhurnal (2) (in Russian).}

_{Time, I.A. (1879). Spravochnaia kniga dlia gornykh inzhenerov i tekhnikov po gornoi chasti.}

_{Tipografia Imperiale: Saint Petersburg.}

_{Time, I.A. (1886). Atlas chertezhei dlia kursa parovykh mashin. Transhelia: Saint Petersburg. Zvorykin, A.A., ed. (1958). Time, Ivan Avgustovich. Biografichesky slovar 2: 268. Gos. Izd. 2: Moskva.}